The enclosure movement in England unfolded during the period spanning the 16th to 19th centuries. It involved a significant transformation in land ownership and agricultural practices, specifically focusing on the consolidation and privatization of common lands. These lands, historically utilized by peasants for farming, livestock grazing, and communal purposes, underwent a process of enclosure where …

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The colonization of America was a multifaceted and intricate process that left an indelible mark on the continent’s indigenous populations, European colonizers, and the subsequent development of the United States. Analyzing the nature of colonization in America requires examining various aspects, including the motivations driving the colonizers, the strategies employed during colonization, and the wide-ranging …

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Mercantilism emerged in Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries as an economic theory and practice. It revolved around the belief that a nation’s wealth and power could be enhanced by maximizing exports, minimizing imports, and accumulating precious metals to maintain a favorable balance of trade. Get the full solved assignment PDF of BHIC-108 of …

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The English Revolution, commonly referred to as the English Civil War, occurred between 1642 and 1651, marking a turbulent period in English history. This conflict stemmed from deep-seated tensions between various social and political groups within England. These groups included the monarchy and its supporters (known as Royalists or Cavaliers), the Parliamentarians (also called Roundheads), …

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The seventeenth century in Europe witnessed a remarkable period of intellectual exploration and transformation. This era, often referred to as the “Age of Reason” or the “Age of Enlightenment,” marked a shift in intellectual currents and ideas that would shape the course of European civilization. This note aims to provide an overview of the major …

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Slavery and karkhanas (royal workshops) were prominent aspects of social and economic life during the Sultanate period in medieval India. Slaves occupied various roles within society, contributing to sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and administration. They fulfilled domestic duties, served as concubines, or even joined the military as soldiers. Moreover, slaves possessed diverse skills …

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The Sultanate period in India, spanning the 13th to the 16th century, witnessed significant developments in military technology. Influenced by their Central Asian and Persian origins, the sultans and their armies introduced new military strategies and weaponry. Notably, firearms emerged as a game-changer, with cannons and matchlock muskets becoming prevalent. These revolutionary weapons provided long-range …

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Medieval Assam refers to the historical era spanning the 13th to the 16th century in the region of Assam, located in present-day northeastern India. During this time, multiple dynasties, including the Kamarupa kingdom, Ahom kingdom, and Koch kingdom, experienced both periods of ascendancy and decline. Political instability and cultural advancements marked this era in Assam’s …

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The role of the amiran-i sadah (commander-in-chief) played a crucial part in the Deccan region’s journey towards independence from Tughlaq rule during the Sultanate period. One noteworthy example is Malik Maqbul, who held the position of amiran-i sadah in the Bahmani Kingdom. While the Deccan was under the dominion of the Tughlaq dynasty, the amiran-i …

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During the Sultanate period, Persian chroniclers played a pivotal role in documenting the historical events and developments in Persia (modern-day Iran). Renowned chroniclers like Isami, Ziauddin Barani, and Shams-i Siraj Afif were instrumental in providing comprehensive accounts of the political, cultural, and social aspects of the era. Through their writings, such as Isami’s “Futuh-us-Salatin” and …

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