Discuss briefly the Mongol policy of the Delhi Sultans.

The Delhi Sultans faced significant challenges from the Mongol Empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. As the Mongols expanded their dominion, they launched invasions into the Indian subcontinent, particularly targeting the Delhi Sultanate. These invasions brought devastation and instability to the region, as the Mongols employed their renowned military tactics and brutal warfare.

To address the Mongol threat, the Delhi Sultans devised a multifaceted approach. Firstly, they pursued diplomatic strategies to maintain relations with the Mongols. This involved establishing strategic alliances, sending embassies, and making tribute payments. By forming alliances with Mongol warlords, the Delhi Sultans aimed to create a buffer zone between the Mongols and their territories. These diplomatic efforts were an attempt to appease the Mongols and discourage further invasions.

Secondly, the Delhi Sultans recognized the need to strengthen their military defenses. They constructed fortifications, expanded their armies, and trained soldiers to counter the Mongol threat. Understanding the Mongols’ superior cavalry, the Delhi Sultans focused on enhancing their own cavalry forces. They recruited skilled horsemen, implemented military reforms, and improved their strategies and tactics.

It is important to note that the success of the Delhi Sultans in dealing with the Mongols varied. While some Sultans managed to establish peaceful relations and avoid direct conflicts with the Mongols, others faced significant challenges and had to contend with Mongol invasions and raids. The effectiveness of the diplomatic and military policies employed by the Delhi Sultans depended on the specific Sultan in power and the prevailing circumstances.

One notable example of the Delhi Sultanate’s engagement with the Mongols is the reign of Sultan Balban. Balban, who ruled from 1266 to 1287, pursued a cautious and pragmatic approach. He engaged in diplomatic overtures, such as sending embassies and gifts to the Mongol court, to maintain peace and prevent conflicts. Balban’s policy of diplomacy and tribute payments succeeded in averting major Mongol incursions during his reign.

However, despite their diplomatic efforts and military preparations, the Delhi Sultans could not completely eliminate the Mongol threat. The Mongols continued to exert their influence over the region, and Mongol raids remained a persistent challenge for the Delhi Sultanate. The policies and strategies of the Delhi Sultans had to adapt to the ever-changing dynamics of the Mongol Empire.

In conclusion, the Mongol policy of the Delhi Sultans encompassed diplomatic engagement and military preparedness. The Delhi Sultans sought to maintain peaceful relations with the Mongols through alliances, tribute payments, and diplomatic missions. Simultaneously, they focused on strengthening their military capabilities to deter Mongol invasions and safeguard their territories. While these policies did not always completely thwart the Mongol threat, they played a pivotal role in managing the relationship between the Delhi Sultanate and the Mongol Empire during this historical period.