The Saptang theory, originating from the ancient Indian text Arthashastra attributed to Kautilya (Chanakya), expounds on the essential components of a well-functioning state. “Saptang” translates to “seven limbs” and represents the seven fundamental pillars of an effective governance system.
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According to the Saptang theory, a successful state relies on seven interconnected elements: the ruler (king), ministers, territory, fortified capital, treasury, army, and allies. Each of these limbs plays a vital role in maintaining stability, security, and prosperity within the kingdom.
The ruler, positioned at the core, symbolizes effective leadership, while the ministers provide guidance and assistance in governance. The territory serves as a geographic foundation, and a fortified capital ensures protection against external threats. The treasury guarantees financial stability, the army defends the state, and allies strengthen diplomatic relations.
The Saptang theory underscores the significance of a comprehensive and well-balanced approach to governance. It recognizes the interdependence of these seven limbs and highlights their collective contribution to the overall functioning and well-being of the state. As a subject of study in political science and administration, the Saptang theory offers valuable insights into the complexities of statecraft and governance.